Haptoglobin

Haptoglobin is a glycoprotein produced by hepatocytes (liver cells) and to some extent other cells in the body, including monocytes and macrophages. This multifunctional protein plays an important role in the body by performing various functions that include:

• Binding of free haem. Haptoglobin binds free haemoglobin, which is released into the blood when red blood cells break down. This helps prevent the toxic effects of haemoglobin on tissues and organs and facilitates its removal from the bloodstream.
• Involvement in immune processes. Haptoglobin is an acute-phase protein - it can bind to various microbes and their toxins, which helps to neutralise them and protect the body from infection and inflammation.
• Regulation of redox equilibrium. Haptoglobin has antioxidant properties, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals and oxidative stress. It helps to maintain balance in the body and prevents the development of oxidative stress.
• Immunomodulatory properties. Haptoglobin can influence the activation of the immune system and regulate immune processes in the body. It can modulate inflammatory responses and immune response, making it an important component of the immune system.