Determination of specific IgE to Lidocaine/Xylocaine by the ELISA method

Allergic reactions to Lidocaine are rare but can include symptoms such as skin rashes, itching, rhinitis, and in severe cases, angioedema or anaphylaxis. Elevated levels of specific IgE indicate sensitization to the drug.

A drug allergy is an immune system response to a medication. It can arise as a complication during treatment or through prolonged exposure to certain drugs. Key risk factors include genetic predisposition, long-term use of medications, combination therapy, and overdose (in cases of pseudoallergy). Common allergens include antibiotics, anesthetics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Allergic reactions to Lidocaine can be immediate (within one hour of administration) or delayed (occurring 1 to 48 hours later). Immediate reactions are typically IgE-mediated, while delayed reactions are often caused by sensitized T cells. The longer the delay before symptoms appear, the more likely non-IgE mechanisms are involved. Symptoms may range from skin rashes and itching to conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma, Quincke’s edema, and anaphylactic shock.

Determining specific IgE levels to  Lidocaine/Xylocaine allows for the identification of the body’s reaction to this allergen. The result indicates hypersensitivity to this active ingredient. However, the result does not rule out other types of drug hypersensitivity. Test results should be interpreted by a physician, considering the patient's medical history, clinical presentation, and other diagnostic data.

Research method: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using standardized allergens.

Units of measurement: IU/ml.

Biomaterial: Venous blood.