К списку статейModern possibilities of laboratory diagnosis of osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by a progressive decrease in bone mass, a violation of the microarchitectonics of bone tissue, which leads to increased bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures from minimal injury and even without it.
Please note that in OLYMP CDL you can undergo a comprehensive laboratory diagnosis of osteoporosis, including the determination of hormones regulating bone tissue metabolism, early markers of osteoporosis and the analysis of blood calcium and phosphorus levels.
Calcium is one of the main mineral components of bone. Different forms and stages of osteoporosis can be manifested by different shifts in serum calcium concentration.
Changes in blood phosphorus content are observed in different forms of bone tissue pathology, causes a shift in serum calcium content, which stimulates the triggering of calcium-regulating hormonal mechanisms.
Paratgormone regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body, increases calcium and phosphorus output from bone, enhances calcium reabsorption and depresses phosphate reabsorption in renal tubules, stimulates calcium and phosphorus absorption in the intestine. It is necessary to determine the primary or secondary changes in the function of the parathyroid glands and the differential diagnosis of various forms of osteoporosis.
Osteocalcin is the main non–collagenic bone protein involved in the binding of calcium and hydroxyapatites, that is, in the processes of bone mineralization. This is an indicator of the level of bone metabolism in general and a possible prognostic indicator of the progression of bone disease.
The measurement of serum osteocalcin allows:
•determine the risk of osteoporosis in women;
•to monitor bone metabolism during and after menopause, during hormone replacement therapy and HRH antagonists therapy(gonadotropin releasing hormone);
•helps in the diagnosis of patients with growth hormone deficiency, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, and chronic kidney disease.
Early childhood rickets is accompanied by a decrease in the blood content of osteocalcin, the degree of decrease in its concentration depends on the severity of the rickets process and is most pronounced in rickets II degree. The content of osteocalcin in the blood of children with rickets is inversely dependent on the concentration of PTH and directly related to the level of total and ionized calcium and calcitonin.
In patients with hypercorticism (Itsenko-Cushing's disease and syndrome) and patients receiving prednisone, the content of osteocalcin in the blood is significantly reduced, i.e. there is a close relationship between the severity of hypercorticism and a decrease in bone formation, reflected by the content of osteocalcin in the blood.
Beta-Cross laps is an early marker of osteoporosis. The degradation product of type 1 collagen, which makes up more than 90% of the organic bone matrix. Normally, small fragments of collagen enter the bloodstream and are excreted by the kidneys in the urine. With physiologically or pathologically increased bone resorption (for example, in old age or as a result of osteoporosis), the content of its fragments in serum increases. Against the background of anti-osteoporosis therapy, the level of b-CrossLaps in the blood serum gradually returns to normal. It should be considered that different clinical situations affecting the level of bone resorption (hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism state) may influence the results of the analysis. In patients with reduced renal function, the serum content of b-CrossLaps increases due to decreased excretion.