Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in blood (chromatography)
Dehydroepiandrosterone, or DHEA, is a key precursor of both androgens and estrogens in both sexes. Normally, this hormone is present in the organisms of both sexes, but with different concentrations. Due to its versatility, DHEA performs essential functions: it strengthens the antioxidant shield, stimulates cognitive development (memory), emotional stability and stress resistance, and is involved in the regulation of pain responses. These processes are carried out through effects on hormonal balance and bioactive compounds.
DHEA plays a central role in the immune system: it synthesises immunomodulatory factors, controls metabolic processes (especially carbohydrate metabolism), ensuring optimal functioning of the organism. The main mission of the hormone, however, is to produce sex hormones - androgens and estrogens - which directly affects secondary sexual characteristics, libido, and the health of the reproductive system in both sexes.
For men, DHEA affects sperm quality; for women, it regulates the menstrual cycle and promotes successful conception and subsequent carrying. A high level of secretion of this hormone indicates excessive androgen production in the adrenal glands, and most of the DHEA is converted to its sulfate form (DHEA sulfate).
Increased secretion of DHEA:
- May signal abnormalities in adrenal gland function - a state of hyperandrogenism.
- Most of the hormone is converted to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), which is actively involved in a variety of physiological processes.
Elevated levels are observed in:
- virilising adenoma or adrenal carcinoma;
- ectopic ACTH-producing tumours;
- deficiency of 21-hydroxylase and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase;
- adrenogenital syndrome;
- polycystic ovary syndrome;
- Cushing's disease;
- Hirsutism, acne in women.
A decrease in the level is observed when:
- adrenal hypofunction;
- delayed puberty;
- taking glucocorticoids, oral contraceptives.