Organic acids in urine - screening detection of laboratory signs of inherited metabolic diseases in newborns and children under 2 (40 parameters): adipic acid, 3-hydroxyisovalerian acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, para-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid, para-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, ortho-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid, hippuric acid, glyceric acid, glutaric acid, homogentisic acid, isovalerylglycine, 3-indolylacetic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, 2-ketoisovaleric acid, xanthurenic acid, citric acid, malonic acid, 3-methylglutaric acid, 3-methylcrotonylglycine, methylmalonic acid, methylantaric acid, 4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, almond acid, lactic acid, orotic acid, picolinic acid, pyruvic acid.
Organic acids in urine - detection of functional metabolic changes (60 indicators): markers of carbohydrate metabolism; markers of metabolism in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle), cellular energy supply, mitochondrial dysfunction, markers of ketogenesis, dysregulation of carbohydrate metabolism and beta-oxidation of fatty acids; markers of branched amino acid metabolism; markers of aromatic amino acid metabolism (phenylalanine and tyrosine); markers of tryptophan metabolism; markers of oxalic acid (oxalate) metabolism; markers of vitamin sufficiency; markers of cofactor methylation; markers of detoxification and endogenous intoxication; markers of intoxication with benzene derivatives; markers of intestinal dysbiosis. Determinable laboratory parameters Markers of carbohydrate metabolism
Lactic acid (lactate, E270)
Pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
Markers of metabolism in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle), cellular energy supply, mitochondrial dysfunction, amino acid metabolism, sufficiency of B vitamins, coenzyme Q and Mg
Citric acid (citrate, E330)
Cis-Aconitic acid (propylene tricarboxylic acid)
Isolimonic acid (isocitrate)
2-Ketoglutaric acid (2-oxoglutaric acid)
Succinic acid (succinic acid, succinate, E363)
Fumaric acid (boletic acid, E297)
Malic acid (malate, oxanthanoic acid, E296)
2-Methylglutaric acid (2-methylpentanoic acid)
A by-product metabolite of succinic acid.
Markers of ketogenesis, dysregulation of carbohydrate metabolism and beta-oxidation of fatty acids
Acetoacetic acid (3-ketoacetic acid, acetoacetate)
3-Hydroxybutyric acid
Malonic acid (propanedioic acid)
Markers of metabolism of branched amino acids
Valine, leucine, isoleucine
2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid (2-hydroxyisovalerian acid)
Including an indirect marker of mitochondrial dysfunction.
3-Methylcrotonylglycine
Including a metabolite of fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms.
Leucine
3-Methylglutaric acid (3-methylpentanoic acid)
Including indirect marker of mitochondrial dysfunction.
Isovalerylglycine (N-isopentanoylglycine) Markers of aromatic amino acid metabolism (phenylalanine and tyrosine)
para-Hydroxyphenyl lactic acid
Including marker of antioxidant and vitamin C deficiency.
para-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid
Including a bacterial marker of intestinal dysbiosis.
Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, melanic acid)
Including bacterial marker of intestinal dysbiosis.
3-Phenyl lactic acid (2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid)
Phenylglyoxylic acid (benzoylmuravic acid)
Including styrene metabolite (see "Markers of detoxification and endogenous intoxication").
Almond acid (phenylglycolic acid)
Including styrene metabolite (see "Markers of detoxification and endogenous intoxication").
Markers of tryptophan metabolism
Quinolinic acid (quinolinic acid; 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid)
Including a marker of infectious inflammation.
Picolinic acid
Including marker of T-cell immune activation.
Markers of oxalic acid (oxalate) metabolism
Glycolic acid (hydroxyacetic acid)
Glyceric acid (2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid)
Oxalic acid (ethanedioic acid, oxalic acid)
Markers of vitamin adequacy
Markers of vitamin B2, B5 sufficiency, microsomal omega-oxidation of fatty acids and carnitine deficiency
2-Ketoisovaleric acid.
Including valine metabolite.
3-Methyl-2-oxovalerian acid (3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid)
Including metabolite of isoleucine.
4-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid (2 -ketoisocaproic acid)
Including leucine metabolite.
Markers of vitamin B2 sufficiency
Glutaric acid (pentanoic acid) Sebacic acid (decanoic acid)
Adipic acid (hexanedioic acid, E355)
Suberic acid (cork, octandiac acid)
Markers of vitamin B2, B5 and auxiliary butyrate oxidation (butyric acid) vitamin sufficiency
Ethylmalonic acid (2-carboxybutyric acid)
Methylanthartaric acid (pyrotartaric acid)
Markers of vitamin B6 sufficiency
Xanthurenic acid (8-hydroxyquinurenic acid)
Including a metabolite of tryptophan.
Xanthurenic acid
Including tryptophan metabolite.
Markers of vitamin B7 (biotin) and B8 (inositol) sufficiency
3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid (3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid)
Including leucine metabolite.
Markers of Coenzyme Q10 synthesis disorder
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (meglutol)
Markers of cofactor methylation
Markers of vitamin B9 sufficiency
Formiminoglutamic acid
Including glycine and B5 deficiency marker, histidine metabolite.
Methylmalonic acid
Markers of detoxification and endogenous intoxication
2-Hydroxybutyric acid (2-hydroxybutanoic acid)
Marker of glutathione hyperproduction during catabolism of xenobiotics.
Pyroglutamic acid (5-oxoproline)
Marker of impaired glutathione synthesis and a marker of paracetamol exposure.
N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid (N-acetyl-L-aspartate)
Marker of toxic aspartate metabolism.
Orotic acid (pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid)
Marker of hyperammonemia, including urea formation disorders.
Markers of intoxication with benzene derivativesHippuric acid (N-benzoylglycine)
Methylhippuric acids, sum.
Phenylglyoxylic acid (benzoylmuravic acid)
Almondic acid (phenylglycolic acid)
Markers of intestinal dysbiosis
Bacterial markers of intestinal dysbiosis
Benzoic acid (dracolic acid, E210)
Including marker of glycine and B5 deficiency.
ortho-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
para-Hydroxybenzoic acid (para-carboxyphenol)
Hippuric acid (N-benzoylglycine)
Including marker of glycine and B5 deficiency, metabolite of toluene (see "Markers of detoxification and endogenous intoxication").
Methylhippuric acids, sum.
Including xylene metabolites (see "Markers of detoxification and endogenous intoxication").
ortho-Methylhippuric acid
meta-Methylhippuric acid
para-Methylhippuric acid
Tricarballic acid (1,2,3-propanthricaboxylic acid)
3-Indolylacetic acid (heteroauxin)
Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzeneacrylic acid)
Including a marker of excessive coffee consumption.
Yeast and fungal markers of intestinal dysbiosis
Tartaric acid (dioxycinnamic acid, tartaric acid, E334)
2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanedioic acid (citric-apple acid)
Creatinine"