Nodular formation in the thyroid gland - especially with a diameter >1 cm, solid structure, microcalcifications, hypoechogenicity on ultrasound.
Atypical/suspicious TAB results (Bethesda III–V) - to clarify malignant potential.
Planning surgical treatment for nodular goiter – mutation status helps determine the extent of surgery (lobectomy vs. thyroidectomy). Recurrent nodules or recurrence after treatment - exclusion of aggressive mutations (especially BRAF, TERT).
Suspected follicular neoplasia (PAX8/PPARG) - to differentiate between benign and malignant processes.
Identified papillary or follicular cancer - molecular profiling for prognosis and possible targeted therapy (e.g., BRAF, RET).
Refining prognosis and risks of aggressive disease - TERT mutation is associated with poorer prognosis and metastasis.
