BackNew standards of allergodiagnostics – molecular allergodiagnostics.
The prevalence of allergopathology in the world is becoming catastrophic, both in developed and developing countries.
These diseases include bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, drug and food allergies, allergy to insect venom, eczema and urticaria, angioedema.
The most urgent problem is allergies in childhood. Despite this, even in developed countries, assistance to patients with allergopathology, in terms of diagnosis, as it turned out, is far from perfect, and only in some states it can be considered adequate. According to statistics from the World Health Organization, hundreds of millions of people suffer from allergic rhinitis worldwide, and about 300 million from asthma. These diseases significantly reduce the quality of life of both patients and their family members and have a negative impact on the socio-economic well-being of society.
At the end of the 20th century, DNA technologies were introduced, while it was possible to characterize and clone allergen molecules that helped identify antigenic determinants in allergic diseases. This was the basis for the emergence of a new type of diagnosis – molecular diagnostics, which, in turn, contributed to the development of more effective allergy treatment.
The OLYMP branches of independent laboratories is currently the only one in Kazakhstan that makes analysis on molecular allergodiagnostics.
The main purpose of molecular allergodiagnostics is to identify sensitization to allergens at the molecular level using natural highly purified recombinant allergen molecules, that is, their components, not extracts. Molecular diagnostic technologies are becoming an integral part of clinical practice. Molecular technologies increase the accuracy of diagnosis and prediction of informed allergy treatment. They play an important role in three key aspects of allergy diagnosis:
Molecular allergodiagnostics makes it possible to differentiate between a true reaction and a pseudoreaction;
Molecular allergodiagnostics in some cases help to assess the risk of severe systemic reactions in food allergies;
Molecular allergodiagnostics help to select a drug for allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT).
The terms "major" and "minor" are used to describe the frequency of occurrence of allergocomponents. Major allergen components are such allergenic molecules, antibodies to which are found in more than half of the patients in the population responding to this source. Minor ones are smaller in size and less immunogenic allergenic molecules that are usually contained in smaller amounts in the allergen, but are present in many different allergens, sometimes not closely related, providing cross-allergy. It should be borne in mind that the classification of allergens into major and minor completely depends on the sensitization profile of the studied population and the allergenic sources prevailing in this geographical area.
Molecular allergodiagnostics, a new method for detecting IgE antibodies to molecular components, opens a new era in allergology. Accurate objective prediction of systemic reactions, including life-threatening ones, is possible only when analyzing molecular allergodiagnostics in OLYMP clinical diagnostic laboratories .