KRAS mutation test by PCR
KRAS (Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog) is a gene that encodes proteins from the Ras family (GTPases), which play a crucial role in regulating cell growth, division, and survival. This gene is an essential component of signaling pathways such as MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) and PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase). Mutations in this gene can lead to the activation of these signaling pathways even in the absence of external signals, contributing to cancer development.
KRAS belongs to the Ras family, which also includes NRAS and HRAS, and plays a similar role in the cell by participating in the transmission of signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus.
Mutations in KRAS can result in uncontrolled cell division and tumor growth. These mutations are particularly important for cancers of the lungs, pancreas, colon, and ovaries.
The most common mutations occur at codons 12, 13, and 61. These mutations lead to the persistent activation of signaling pathways like MAPK and PI3K, which promote tumor growth and metastasis.
KRAS mutations are frequently found in colorectal cancer, and testing for KRAS mutations is recommended to determine appropriate therapeutic strategies. For example, patients with KRAS mutations will not respond to treatments involving monoclonal antibodies (such as cetuximab or panitumumab) targeting EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor).
KRAS mutations can lead to more aggressive disease progression, especially in pancreatic cancer or lung cancer.
For patients with KRAS mutations, there are limited therapeutic options, as they will not respond to drugs targeting EGFR