NRAS mutation test by PCR
NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog) is a gene similar to KRAS but encodes the NRas protein, which also participates in signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis.
This gene is an essential component of signaling pathways such as MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) and PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase). Mutations in this gene can lead to the activation of these pathways even in the absence of external signals, contributing to cancer development.
NRAS belongs to the Ras family, which also includes KRAS and HRAS, and plays a similar role in the cell by participating in signal transduction from the cell membrane to the nucleus.
Mutations in NRAS lead to the activation of these proteins, disrupting the normal regulation of the cell cycle. This can result in uncontrolled cell division and tumor growth. NRAS mutations are most commonly found in melanoma and some other cancers, such as colorectal cancer and lung cancer.
Mutations in NRAS usually occur at codon 61. This leads to dysregulation of cell growth and cell survival.
NRAS mutation testing is used to exclude response to targeted therapies, such as BRAF inhibitors (e.g., vemurafenib).
NRAS mutations are found in 15-20% of melanoma patients, and they can impact prognosis and treatment decisions.
Testing for NRAS mutations can assist the physician in selecting the appropriate therapeutic strategy